One of the biggest and most feared risks of bipolar disorder is the risk of suicide, which occurs at about 0.4% per year in women and men, more than 20 times higher compared to the general population.
In Europe, more lives are lost due to suicide every year
than die in car accidents!
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) globally more than 700 000 people die due to suicide every year and there are many more people who attempt suicide (data from 2019). That is significantly more lives lost than on the roads in car accidents. But there are more suicide attempts, an estimated 20-30 times more, with women predominating. This is mainly due to the different methods (with higher rate of completed suicides) men choose to commit suicide compared to women.
When is the risk of suicide greatest in patients with bipolar disorder?
Suicide risk is highest for patients with bipolar affective disorder during depressive slumps or mixed episodes. Here it is important to take into account that at these times (also according to previous articles (“How does bipolar disorder look like?” “) the person’s thinking is distorted, more critical, pessimistic to tunnel vision with experiences of helplessness and hopelessness.This does not mean that every patient who is currently in a depressive episode must be having thoughts of suicide or even planning suicide. The occurrence of these thoughts is individual, as are other manifestations of depression or mania. It must be stressed that the depressive state has no other solution, quite the contrary. That is why it is necessary to know who you can turn to. If you are experiencing bipolar disorder, other mental illness, or recurrent thoughts of suicide, or if you are experiencing such a situation in your immediate vicinity, contact a crisis line immediately.
Four forms of suicidal behaviour – or how to navigate?
This information is only indicative and the real risk must always be assessed by a professional, so if you are having thoughts of suicide or someone in your neighbourhood is talking about them, it is always a good idea to at least consult with a crisis line specialist or consult with a treating psychiatrist, psychologist or therapist.
First, it is important to review what forms suicidal behaviour can take:
- Suicidal thoughts – these are the first risk level, especially if they are recurrent even several times a week/day.
- Suicidal behaviours and tendencies – verbalising thoughts, more concrete planning, and sometimes non-verbal manifestations such as withdrawal into oneself, less interest in surroundings or hobbies, or sleep disturbances may be typical here.
- Suicide attempt – a suicide attempt that the person survived. Here it is always necessary to seek professional help (crisis lines, crisis centres, psychiatrist, psychologist, or directly contact the ambulance service (EU:112, US:911). Follow-up care and, for example, consideration of inpatient care (hospitalisation) to stabilise the condition are important.
- Completed suicide – The individual dies as a result of the suicide attempt. Here, survivors need to be considered and again it may be appropriate to seek psychological help, which may be offered by crisis lines or centres.
How to prevent or reduce the risk of suicide?
Rapid professional intervention proves to be effective – in the first place, according to our previous article, contacting crisis lines or crisis centres, where experts can help you stabilize the situation, delay the suicidal act or recommend you to call the emergency services (EU:112 /US:911). If you wish, the crisis interventionists can also call the ambulance service if you tell them where you are.
In addition, it is also advisable to contact a psychiatrist or treating therapist or psychologist if you are under their care and have access to these professionals. Psychologists or crisis intervention specialists can then direct you to further care.
The risk of suicide is huge for patients with Bipolar Disorder. Compared to the general population, it is up to 20 times greater. Whether you are experiencing suicidal thoughts or you see suicidal tendencies in anyone around you, the risk should not be underestimated. Seek professional help immediately. We hope this article has helped you at least a little to understand which direction to take.
Hier finden Sie eine Liste von Krisentelefonen je nach Land, in dem sie tätig sind.
UK:
- Rufen Sie 116 123 an und sprechen Sie mit Samariteroder per E-Mail: jo@samaritans.org. Sie erhalten innerhalb von 24 Stunden eine Antwort.
- Wenn Sie unter 35 Jahre alt sind, können Sie die Nummer 0800 068 41 41 anrufen, eine Suizidpräventions-Hotline.
- Senden Sie eine SMS mit "SHOUT" an 85258, um mit der Shout Krisentelefonoder simsen Sie "YM", wenn Sie unter 19 sind.
- Wenn Sie unter 19 Jahre alt sind, können Sie auch die Nummer 0800 1111 anrufen, um mit folgenden Personen zu sprechen Childline. Die Nummer wird nicht auf Ihrer Telefonrechnung erscheinen.
- Oder finden Sie eine andere Krisenbetreuung hier.
USA:
- Die nationale Selbstmordpräventions-Hotline 1-800-273-8255.
- Wenn Sie die schriftliche Kommunikation bevorzugen, können Sie eine Textzeile verwenden - schreiben Sie HOME an 741741 oder eine online chatten.
- Wenn Sie ein Teenager sind, können Sie die Jugendnummer 968-8491 wählen oder die Textnachricht TEEN2TEEN an 839863 senden.
Kanada:
- Wenn Sie oder jemand, den Sie kennen, an Selbstmord denkt, rufen Sie die Suizidpräventionsdienst Kanada unter 1-833-456-4566 (24/7).
- Oder rufen Sie 1-855-242-3310 an oder verbinden Sie sich mit der Online-Chat von Hope for Wellness.
- Wenn Sie unter 29 Jahre alt sind, rufen Sie die Nummer 1-800-668-6868 an oder schicken Sie eine SMS an die Nummer 686868: CONNECT. Sie können auch über den Facebook-Messenger Unterstützung erhalten - siehe die Website Kinder helfen Telefon.
Deutschland:
- Für eine Telefon Krise: 0800/ 1110111 oder 0800/ 1110222.
- Oder Sie können sich an einen spezialisierten Depressions-Hotline - 0800 3344533.
- Für Kinder und junge Erwachsene können Sie 116 111 anrufen oder ein Online-Chat.
Wenn Sie nach einem Krisentelefon in einem anderen Land suchen, geben Sie das Wort "Krisenlinie" in Ihren Internetbrowser ein, und Sie erhalten eine Liste mit Krisenhilfeseiten, die in Ihrem Land tätig sind.
Sources:
- World Health Organisation (WHO).(2021, June, 17). Sucide. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
- Tondo, Leonardo, Gran Isacsson, a Ross J Baldessarini. „Suicidal Behaviour in Bipolar Disorder: Risk and Prevention”. CNS Drugs 17, č. 7 (2003): 491–511. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200317070-00003.
- WHO: Suicidal behavior in Europe. The situation in the 1990 s. 1998.
- Koutek J. Jak rozpoznat a řešit suicidální riziko. Praha, Czechia: Interní Med. 2010;. 12(2): 109–110. https://solen.cz/pdfs/int/2010/02/12.pdf.
- Joiner, T.E. Myths about Suicide. Harvard University Press, 2010. https://books.google.cz/books?id=RSt4hnnKoWkC.
- Stone, D. M., & Crosby, A. E. (2014). Suicide Prevention. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 8(6), 404–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827614551130
- World Health Organisation (WHO).(2021, June, 17). Sucide. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide